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Contents
Microenvironmental Regulation of the Initiated Cell
Harry Rubin
I. Introduction 2
II. Initiation and Promotion of Tumor Development in the
Skin of Animals Painted with Carcinogens 3
III. Inhibition of Initiated Keratinocytes in Culture by
Normal Keratinocytes 5
IV. Inhibition of Neoplastic Progression in Mice or in
Organotypic Culture by Normal Keratinocytes 8
V. Inhibition of Virally Transformed Malignant
Keratinocytes by Dermal Fibroblasts in Skin Grafts and in
Subcutaneous Injections 11
VI. Restriction of Mutant Keratinocytes to the Epidermal
Proliferative Unit in Ultraviolet (UV) Carcinogenesis of the
Skin 13
VII. Microenvironmental Suppression of Neoplastic
Transformation Among Cultured Fibroblasts 17
VIII. Evaluation of the Evidence Concerning a Role for
Proteases in Tumor Initiation 35
IX. Visualization of Microenvironmental Regulation in
Spontaneous Transformation of Mouse Fibroblasts 37
X. Microenvironmental Effects on Mammary Neoplasia 40
XI. Further Developments on the Role of Proteases in
Carcinogenesis 48
XII. Conclusions 51
References 56
Persistent Infection with Helicobacter Pylori and the
Development of Gastric Cancer
Staffan Normark, Christina Nilsson, Birgitta Henriques
Normark, and Mathias W. Hornef
I. Introduction-H. Pylori and Cancer Development 63
II. Bacterial Colonization and Persistence 67
III. H. Pylori-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation 71
IV Effects of H. Pylori Infection on Epithelial Cell Turnover
76
V. H. Pylori-Mediated Promotion of Tumor Development 77
VI. Host Susceptibility Genes and Gastric Cancer
Associated with
H. Pylori Infection 81
VII. Concluding Remarks 82
References 83
High-Resolution Analysis of Genetic Events in Cancer Cells
Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Arrays and
Comparative Genome Hybridization
John K. Cowell and Norma J. Nowak
I. Introduction 92
II. Evolution of Molecular Cytogenetics 94 III. Development
of BAC Resources 96 IV. CGHa in the Analysis of Cancer
100
Summary 122
References 123
Natural Killer Cells and Cancer
Jun Wu and Lewis L. Lanier
I. Introduction 128
II. NK Cell Biology 130
III. NK Cell Effector Functions 136
IV Receptors Turning NK Cells "On" and "Off" 138
V NK Cells in Tumor Immunosurveillance 145
VI. Tumor Escape Mechanisms 146
VII. Conclusion 148
References 148
Immunity to Cancer Through Immune Recognition of
Altered Self: Studies with Melanoma
Jose A. Guevera-Patino, Mary Jo Turk, Jedd D. Wolchok,
and Alan N. Houghton
I. Introduction 158
II. Melanoma Antigens 159
III. Cellular Responses to Differentiation Antigens 160
IV. Antibody-Mediated Tumor Immunity and Autoimmunity
169
V Clinical Applications 172
References 175
Chemical Carcinogens as Foreign Bodies and Some Pitfalls
Regarding Cancer Immune Surveillance Thomas
Blankenstein and Zhihai Oin
I. Introduction 180
II. Chemical Carcinogenesis 181
III. Increased Tumor Incidence by MCA in IFN7R-KO
Compared with IFN7R-WT Mice 183
IV. No New Evidence that Supports T-Cell-Mediated
Immune Surveillance of MCA-Induced or Spontaneous
Tumors 185
V The Protective Response in IFN7R-WT Mice is
Associated with Encapsuation of MCA 195
VI. Concluding Remarks 201
References 203
Epigenetic Theories of Cancer Initiation
Lionel F gaffe
I. Introduction 210
II. Evidence that the Early Stages of Cancer are Epigenetic
212
III. Mechanisms of Epigenesis 222
IV. Concluding Remarks 226
References 226
