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Echocardiography: The Normal Examination and Echocardiographic Measurements
Bonita Anderson

Cardiotext Price: $149.00

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Product Information:
ISBN-13: 9780646468631
ISBN-10: 0646468634
Publisher: MGA Graphics
Format: Hardback, 336 pages
Pub Date: 05/2007
Edition Number: 2

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Synopsis

For this new second edition, all chapters have been thoroughly revised to incorporate recent developments and new guidelines in echocardiography. As in the first edition, the focus remains predominately on the practical aspects of clinical echocardiography including methodology, limitations and clinical relevance..

A valuable guide for the trainee sonographer and teachers of echocardiography, it includes over 350 figures including practical examples, illustrations and ultrasound images, mostly in full color. Chapters on the principles of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging and Doppler echocardiography have been expanded and include sections relating to imaging and Doppler artifacts.

This new edition contains 336 printed pages of information and is bound in an attractive, durable hard cover.

About the Author

Bonita Anderson has appointments as a Senior Lecturer in Cardiac Ultrasound at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia and as the Echocardiography Educator at The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. She is also a popular national and international speaker.

An Accredited Medical Sonographer, Bonita holds a Diploma in Medical Ultrasonography (Cardiac) and a Master of Applied Science (Medical Ultrasound). Bonita has been actively involved in the education and assessment of cardiac sonographers for many years. This publication is the culmination of a career in echocardiography spanning more than 20 years.

Reviews

Book Review:
Publication: Ultrasound Bulletin (Journal of the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine) Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2007.
Written by: Dr Christopher Choong, Senior Staff Cardiologist, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Bonita Anderson is a well-known figure in echocardiography and is highly regarded for her expertise as an exponent and teacher. This impressive second edition of her book improves on the tradition set by the first edition of 2000 by providing a concise yet comprehensive text on the theory and practice of echocardiography today.

This book uniquely fulfils a great need within the echocardiographic community for resource material which focuses on the basic, although not simple, theoretical and practical aspects of the contemporary echocardiographic examination. This carefully and thoroughly crafted work is obviously a lot more than a handbook. In 15 chapters and 337 pages, Bonita Anderson has developed on the first text by updating many areas. Notably, she has added excellent sections on 2D and Doppler artefacts, Doppler tissue imaging and strain and strain rate imaging.

This edition has a new, vastly improved look featuring an attractive hard cover. Many quality colour figures and illustrations are placed liberally throughout the text. A strong appeal is the generous use of tables and figures as well as the provision of an exhaustive set of normal values for the many measurements that can be made. The appendices at the end of the book are invaluable in this regard. Potentially confusing equations are methodically outlined and carefully explained. A detailed reference list after each chapter points to more information if required.

For a book of this type, there is no equal. In this excellent publication, Bonita Anderson displays her supreme expertise as an educator and her capacity for thorough and careful work. Sonographers and physicians who work in this discipline should familiarise themselves with the many concepts expounded in this book, even if they will not be expected to employ them all in each routine examination.

I strongly recommend this book to all who practice echocardiography, the novice and experienced practitioner alike, as a highly effective instructional reference text. For those who want to purchase just one book on echocardiography, there is no doubt that this book should be it.

Book Review:
Publication: Soundeffects (The quarterly publication of the Australian Sonographers Association Ltd) Issue 4, 2007.
Written by Jill Clarke, AMS.

Relief was my first emotion as I opened the package containing this eagerly anticipated second edition of Echocardiography: The Normal Examination and Echocardiographic Measurements - it was a hard cover! My dilapidated, dog-eared, much-loved copy of the softcover first edition was not going to hang in there much longer! The first edition of this text will be well known to most echocardiography laboratories and, at the time it was published, was the first of its type. The second edition will continue to fill an important void in education/reference material for all those performing echocardiography, clearly and precisely outlining normal echocardiographic measurements in all ultrasound modes.

While maintaining the same overall content, this edition is a significant improvement on its predecessor with greater coverage of all topics, more extensive and updated echocardiographic images and improved graphics. There are three areas where improvements are most pronounced; the treatment of relevant calculations has been updated to reflect the 2005 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines for chamber quantitation and the "Principles of Spectral Doppler" section now includes two important new topics, tissue Doppler imaging principles and spectral Doppler artifacts, both of which are superbly illustrated.

The first thing which makes an impression is the visual appeal of the text, which has been greatly enhanced. Diagrams previously in black and white are now in colour and with three-dimensional enhancement, while the use of coloured subheadings makes for easier reading. Highlighted textboxes intersperse the text with "Practical Examples", "Technical Tips" and "Practical Pointers". More echocardiographic examples are used throughout and all images, including colour echocardiographic images, are more closely integrated with the text.

Students will benefit from an enhanced section on routine 2D imaging views, with clear illustrations, explanation of additional acoustic windows and extra views illustrated (e.g. the right ventricular outflow tract from the apical five-chamber view). The physics (sorry - "Basic Principles") chapter has one of the best diagrammatic explanations of slice thickness artifact I have seen, and an echocardiographic example is provided for each artifact - filling a great need in cardiac ultrasound education. The additional explanations of contrast and temporal resolution are clear and concise. While new sections on harmonics, bioeffects and ultrasound safety are minimalist, it must be remembered this is not intended to be a physics text. Chapter one now covers optimisation, with beautifully illustrated echocardiographic examples.

The final chapter, previously devoted to left ventricular function, has been extended such that there is now one chapter on each of systolic function and diastolic function. Strain, strain rate, Doppler tissue imaging, speckle tracking and myocardial performance index are now included in the systolic chapter, while the full and beautifully illustrated chapter on diastolic function reflects its importance in today’s echocardiography laboratory. A welcome addition is the appendix providing comprehensive haemodynamic indices for prosthetic valves.

For those who have not yet discovered this text, it is an essential reference tool for the echocardiography laboratory from a highly respected Australian cardiac sonographer and educator with extensive clinical and academic experience. For those wondering if it is worth updating to the second edition, don’t hesitate.

Book Review:
Publication: On The Pulse (a publication of The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand), Volume XIX No. 4, December 2007.
Written by Dr Gillian Whalley, National Heart Foundation Senior Fellow, The University of Auckland.

Physicians, advanced trainees and technologists getting started in echocardiography have become reliant on the first edition of Bonita Anderson’s book Echocardiography - The Normal Examination and Echocardiographic Measurement. So much so that you would be hard pushed to find an echo lab in Australia or New Zealand that does not have a battered copy of the first edition of this book. The newer hardback second edition will be welcomed by many for its updated content and the new format that will stand up to frequent use.

There are many echocardiography textbooks full of lovely pictures, but what sets this book apart is that it is a practical guide to getting started and a simple to use reference for those already established. It is well laid out and the steps and approach easy to follow. This new edition, as well as being hardback and full colour has an expanded physics section; the measurement section has been revised in keeping with more recent American Society of Echocardiography guidelines and there are more practical examples of calculations. The addition of small highlighted boxes containing technical tips, practical pointers and clinical considerations provide helpful snippets of information for each section. Many will find the simple explanation of strain imaging a useful introduction to this complex, but increasingly utilised advanced echocardiographic methods.

What, if anything, is this book missing? I think it would benefit from a checklist of what constitutes a full echo examination and the minimum dataset that should be obtained on each patient; more information about digital file management would be helpful; and some sections could benefit from a step-by-step approach to using all of the technologies and how to compare them with one another - for example in the assessment of diastolic function. Although the newer strain technology is included, there is very little about real-time three-dimensional echo. Having said that, the concise nature of the book is why it is so appealing to many in the field. The first edition of this book quickly became an essential reference and educational text in most echo labs around Australia and New Zealand and this updated edition is likely to become even more popular. It is an essential addition to any echocardiography laboratory.

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Additional Description

Chapter 1: Basic Principles of Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging.

Fundamental Principles of 2-Dimensional Imaging.

Properties of Sound Waves.

The Wave Equation.

Interaction of Ultrasound with Tissue.

Image Production.

Image Optimisation.

Ultrasound Instrument Controls and Image Optimisation.

Two-Dimensional Imaging Artifacts.

Bioeffects and Safety.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 2: The Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Examination.

Acoustic Windows.

Imaging Planes.

Standard 2-D Images.

Transducer Terminology.

Image Orientation.

The Parasternal Position.

Parasternal Long Axis View of the Left Ventricle.

Parasternal Long Axis View of the Right Ventricular Inflow Tract.

Parasternal Long Axis View of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract.

Parasternal Short A xis Views.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Pulmonary Artery Bifurcation.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Aorta and the Left Atrium.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Left Ventricle - Mitral Valve Level.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Left Ventricle - Papillary Muscles Level.

Parasternal Short Axis View of the Left Ventricle - Apical Level.

The Apical Position.

Apical Four Chamber View.

Apical Five Chamber View.

Apical Long Axis View.

Apical Two Chamber View.

The Subcostal Position.

Subcostal Four Chamber View.

Subcostal Short Axis Views.

The Suprasternal Position.

Suprasternal Long Axis View.

Suprasternal Short Axis View.

Additional Acoustic Windows.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 3: Basic Principles of M-Mode Echocardiography.

Basic Principles of M-Mode.

Advantages of M-Mode Echocardiography.

Disadvantages of M-Mode Echocardiography.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 4: The M-Mode Examination of the Heart.

M-Mode Examination of the Aorta, Aortic Valve and Left Atrium.

M-Mode Examination of the Mitral Valve Leaflets.

M-Mode Examination of the Left Ventricle.

M-Mode Examination of the Tricuspid Valve.

M-Mode Examination of the Pulmonary Valve.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 5: Basic Principles of Spectral Doppler.

Normal and Abnormal Blood Flow.

The Doppler Principle.

Pressure Determination.

The Spectral Doppler Display.

Doppler Modalities and Principles.

Spectral Doppler Display of PW and CW Doppler.

Spectral Doppler Controls and Optimisation of Spectral Doppler Signals.

Spectral Doppler Artifacts.

References and Suggested Readin g.

Chapter 6: The Spectral Doppler Examination.

Doppler Examination of Mitral Valve Inflow.

Doppler Examination of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract the Aorta.

Doppler Examination of the Aorta.

Doppler Examination of the Descending Aorta.

Doppler Examination of Pulmonary Venous Flow.

Doppler Examination of Tricuspid Valve Inflow.

Doppler Examination of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and the Pulmonary Artery.

Doppler Examination of the Hepatic Veins.

Doppler Examination of the Superior Vena Cava.

Doppler Tissue Imaging of the Mitral Annulus.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Colour Flow Doppler Imaging.

Colour Flow Doppler Principles.

The Colour Doppler Display.

Optimisation of Colour Flow Doppler Images.

Colour Doppler Artifacts.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 8: The Colour Flow Doppler Examination.

Regurgitation in the Normal Population.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Left Atrial Inflow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Left Ventricular Inflow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Left Ventricular Outflow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Aortic Flow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Right Atrial Inflow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of Right Ventricular Inflow.

Colour Flow Doppler Examination of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and the Pulmonary Artery.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 9: Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Measurements and Calculations.

Linear Dimensional Measurements.

Area Calculations.

Cardiac Chamber Volumes.

Left Ventricular Systolic Function.

Left Ventricular Mass.

Right Ventricular Systolic Function.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 10: M -Mode Echocardiographic Measurements and Calculations.

Cardiac Chamber Dimensions.

Left Ventricular Systolic Function.

Left Ventricular Mass.

Valvular Stenosis.

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction.

Intracardiac Pressure Estimation.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 11: Basic Doppler Haemodynamic Calculations.

Volumetric Flow Calculations.

The Continuity Principle.

The Bernoulli Equation.

Determination of Pressure Gradients.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 12: Doppler Valve Area Calculations.

Continuity Equation for the Calculation of Valve Areas.

Calculation of Valve Areas by the Stroke Volume Method.

Calculation of the Mitral Valve Area by the Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method.

Calculation of Mitral Valve Area by the Pressure Half-Time and Deceleration Time Methods.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 13: Doppler Quantification of Regurgitant Lesions.

Spectral Doppler Indicators of Significant Regurgitation.

Colour Doppler Imaging of Regurgitant Jets.

Regurgitant Volumes and Regurgitant Fractions.

Effective Regurgitant Orifice Areas.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 14: Doppler Assessment of Ventricular Systolic Function.

Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index Calculations.

dP/dt in the Assessment of Ventricular Systolic Function.

Systolic Myocardial Velocities in the Assessment of Ventricular Systolic Function.

Strain and Strain Rate Imaging.

Myocardial Performance Index.

References and Suggested Reading.

Chapter 15: Doppler Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function.

Definitions.

Relaxation and Compliance.

Indices used in the Assessment of Left Ventricular Diasto lic Function.

Patterns of Diastolic Dysfunction.

Limitations and Considerations to the Assessment of Diastolic Function.

References and Suggested Reading.

Appendices.

Index

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